Throughout this paper, all groups are , nite. For a group G, we write Irr(G) for the set of irreducible characters of G. In this paper, we present a new characterization of GVZ-groups. A group G is a GVZ-group if every irreducible character ,2 Irr(G) satis, es that ,vanishes on G n Z(, ). The term GVZ-group was introduced by Nenciu in [12]. Nenciu continued the study of GVZ-groups in [13] and the second author further continued these studies in [10]. In our paper [2], we showed that GVZ-groups can be characterized in terms of another class of groups that have appeared in the literature. . .

Background: Fibronectin seems to play a very important role in the progression and invasion of bladder cancer. EDA, EDB, and IIICS domains of fibronectin are not expressed in the adult persons but they're expressed in different cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA of fibronectin in transitional carcinoma cells (TCe) of bladder to study these domains.Methods: A total of 20 patients with known bladder cancer were studied. Two of them excluded since their excised tissues were not enough for both the pathological examination and RNA study. Another 20 (control group) were normal volunteers who needed bladder operations. The excised tissue was immediately transferred to RNA later (Ambion, TX). RNA was extracted via RNAWIZ (Ambion, TX). cDNA was made via Revert Aid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Ferments). PCR of the cDNAs was performed using primers for EDA, EDB, and IIICS (Eurogentec, Belgium).Results: For the first time, we present the expression of the oncofetal fibronectin mRNA in the transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. The high grade muscle invasive (G3T2) tumor, expressed ED-A, ED-B, and IIICS. Expression of ED-A, ED-B, and IIICS was confirmed in the two patients with G3T1 TCe. The four patients with G2Ta and G3Ta expressed both ED-A and ED-B. The four patients with G1T1 tumor expressed ED-A only, similar to the nine patients with G1Ta tumor. one of the normal volunteers expressed the oncofetal extra domains. The sensitivity of ED-A positive fibronectin RNA for detecting TCC of any kind is 100%, and of ED-B was only 35%. The specificity of ED-B positive fibronectin RNA for the high grade TCC is 100%.Conclusion: ED-A, ED-B, and IIICS could be used as useful markers for the diagnosis and following up of bladder carcinoma.

Some recent thinkers among the sunnites have compiled and written books under the title of "Zavaed". "Zavaed nevisi, which will be fully defined later, was first formed by the books "Mustakraja" "Mustadraka", and others. They were written as appendices or supplements for the two Sahih. In later periods it became a current and independent technique and subsequently led to the revival of the Sunnites many narratives and the development of a narrative circle in that school. Today, the science of "Zavaed" is one of the current branches in the narrative sciences. The books of "Zavaed" are also considered to be of great significance in the narrative sources.

Design process, due to its information-and innovation-intensive nature, is highly susceptible to change and thus, waste. This attracted the attention of lean design/construction professionals in the past few years. However, limited, if any, researches have addressed this issue from the human behavior perspective. This research proposes a method that exploits the potential of the Last Planner® System (LPS) in design management. The main contribution of this paper is improving the applicability of the LPS to design processes by incorporating a gami ed pay-for-performance system into the normal practice of the LPS. It encourages motivating design engineers by granting them singlepoint, autonomous responsibility to perform their tasks. To this end, the proposed method shifts the focus of design managers away from predicting the work ow and chronologies of design tasks to motivate design engineers to eliminate non-value-adding works/time. To bolster the concept and examine the method, it was put into practice by construction design teams. Findings corroborate the e ciency of the method in eliminating the nonvalue-adding works from design processes. The  ndings are of practical value to consulting  rms, especially design team managers who seek to maximize innovation, competency, and quality outcome.

The original version of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm has a few disadvantages such as low solving accuracy, unsatisfactory ability of local searching, and slow convergence rate. In order to compensate these disadvantages of grey wolf optimizer, a new version of grey wolf optimizer algorithm was proposed by modifying the encircling behavior and position update equations of GWO algorithm. The accuracy and convergence performances of the modi ed variant were tested on several well-known classical, sine datasets, and cantilever beam design functions. For veri cation, the results were compared with some of the most powerful, well-known algorithms, i. e., particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimizer, and mean grey wolf optimization. The experimental solutions demonstrated that the modi ed variant was able to provide very comparable solutions in terms of improved minimum value of objective function, maximum value of objective function, mean, standard deviation, and convergence rate.